Monday, September 16, 2013

Alberta: Where good help is hard to keep

Despite the booming energy sector and the lure of good-paying jobs, Alberta is having trouble retaining out-of-province workers, according to a recent Statistics Canada study.

Jessie Richardson, 22, is happy to be home in Hamilton after living in Edmonton for six months. She found a good job there in the health-care industry and made friends, but decided to go back to school in Ontario.

Jessie Richardson, 22, is happy to be home in Hamilton after living in Edmonton for six months. She found a good job there in the health-care industry and made friends, but decided to go back to school in Ontario.

It was about a year ago that Jessie Richardson made some life-changing decisions.

She wanted to leave Hamilton, she wanted to discover a new part of Canada and she wanted to make money. So Richardson, 22, left her Ontario hometown and booked a flight to Edmonton.

Adjusting took a bit of time, but she eventually found a good job in the health-care industry, made friends and found her place.

But in May, she came home and decided to go back to school. Her decision to move to Alberta, make some money and then run highlights a pattern Alberta is increasingly seeing — most Canadians who head west don’t stay.
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A recent Statistics Canada study shows that despite the booming energy sector and the lure of good-paying jobs, Alberta is having trouble retaining out-of-province workers — despite the fact that half of those workers are under 35 and most of them are single.

The report looks at interprovincial migration from 2004 to 2009 and found that in 2004, there were approximately 62,000 to 67,500 interprovincial employees in Alberta. By 2008, the number of interprovincial employees had increased to up to 133,000, almost double the 2004 numbers. The majority worked in oil and gas extraction or construction.

But many migrants can’t quite commit. The overwhelming majority — from 74 to 87 per cent of people, depending on the year — never planted permanent roots in Alberta.

The question is why, and what kind of impact will it have in the long term.

The StatsCan report identifies several factors that keep people from settling down, including “family ties, social networks, organizational arrangements (e.g. daycare, school enrolment), home ownership, and quality of life.”

Kevin McQuillan, sociology professor at the University of Calgary, says people working in the resource areas in the northern part of the province don’t see the area as a place to settle down — they see it as a place to make money.

In many cases, he said, workers aren’t getting much exposure to Calgary, Edmonton and other cities, where they’d be more likely to move permanently.

McQuillan added that the rapid population growth — via immigration and a high birth rate — is probably enough to dull the sting of losing workers who return to their home provinces.

“I think there’s a comfort with the level of growth in the province right now,” he said.

“But I do think it does raise some questions about the ability of the province, longer term, to retain skilled workers. I think that’s going to be an important issue,” he said, noting out-of-province workers don’t pay provincial income taxes to Alberta.

Aaron Toth, a sheet metal worker from Chateauguay, Que., has been commuting to northern Alberta for six years. He works 21 days in a row and 12 hours a day before taking a week off. That gruelling lifestyle earns him $180,000 a year.

But life up in the work camps can be rough — many colleagues have a hard time being away from their families and cope by using drugs and alcohol, he said.

Toth, 29, said it wasn’t easy keeping up a long-distance relationship while working out of the province. He and his girlfriend recently broke up, but he’s still not looking to leave Quebec.

He said Alberta’s big cities don’t compare to Montreal, the nearest big city to his hometown.

His boss, Matthew Verhoek, has a decidedly different opinion of the province — he loves it.

Verhoek’s father moved his family from northern Manitoba to Red Deer, Alta. for a job making module pipe racks destined for Fort McMurray when Verhoek was 16. Now 31, he said he’s never thought about leaving Alberta.

But when asked if he wants to stay up north for the foreseeable future, his answer is less emphatic.

“There’s always that hope that you’ll get a good paying job at home, but you look around and see all the 40-, 50-, 60-year-old guys that have been hoping now for 30 years, and you don’t get your hopes up.”

The province of Alberta says it is focusing on those who are staying, and points out that its population has grown by 500,000 over the last five years.

Alberta expects to have a population of 4 million by the end of the year, said Darrell Winwood, spokesman for Alberta’s ministry of enterprise and advanced education.

“We feel quite confident that we’re attracting people, we’re looking to add to our labour force, our workforce, and that people are coming here for the opportunities,” Winwood said.

Lars Osberg, the McCulloch professor of economics at Dalhousie University, said there are a lot of benefits to having temporary workers because they aren’t a drain on the system.

The two government services that people tend to use most are the health-care system and school system — services that people use in their home provinces, Osberg said.

If they’re travelling back and forth, it likely means their kids are in schools in their home provinces, and they’re keeping their out of province health cards, he said. So even if they require treatment in Alberta, it will likely be billed back to the government of wherever they’re from.

Richardson, the Hamilton woman, considered going to Fort McMurray, the epicentre of the energy boom. But she eventually decided the city wasn’t for her before settling down in Edmonton.

Richardson said she also found many of her peers in Alberta were blinded by the promise of higher wages and didn’t realize they would, in some cases, work longer and more hours than they used to. She worked in a retail store before landing her health-care job, where she made $20 an hour.

Despite the fact that Alberta didn’t initially live up to her expectations, said she enjoyed herself there and hasn’t ruled out a return to Edmonton someday.

Her experience, she added, taught her that working long hours made no sense if she wasn’t invested her job, and “that no matter how much money I was earning, I had to do what I love. You have to follow your passion.”

By the numbers

133,000: Approx number of interprovincial employees in Alberta in 2008

$186,782: The median family income in Fort McMurray, the highest income in Canada

22,777: Number of Ontarians who worked in Alberta in 2008, 2.5 times more than in 2004

32,166: Number of Atlantic Canadians who worked in Alberta in 2008, four times more than in 2004

Source: Statistics Canada
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Temporary Foreign Worker Program still has problems, provinces say

Canada’s Labour Minister is pledging to consider further changes to the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, with her provincial counterparts saying the revised system still leaves them in the dark over many details.

Labour Minister Kellie Leitch met with provincial ministers Thursday and Friday in Saskatoon, six weeks after changes to the TFW program came into effect. The program allows employers to bring in foreign staff for up to four years if they can’t find Canadian labour

However, provinces say the federal government isn’t sharing detailed information about the workers. It means that provincial workplace safety inspectors can’t proactively enforce labour laws, because they don’t know who the workers are or where they’re working.

“It’s for us to know where these workers are, so that we can make sure their rights are being protected,” Ontario Labour Minister Yasir Naqvi said, adding the province had been pushing for more information for four years.

“I’m a bit disappointed that the changes, the modernization they’re bringing to the program, does not include information sharing,” he said.

It was a request echoed by several ministers, and Dr. Leitch said she would push to improve information sharing, saying privacy issues are among the barriers.

“I’ll undertake to make sure we find out what some of the challenges have been of that sharing of information,” she said, adding the federal government wants to “share as much information as possible with our counterparts so we can create safe workplaces.”

The TFW changes took effect July 31, introducing an application fee and a requirement that employers advertise the job in Canada for a longer period. The changes were sparked by reports a year ago that a B.C. mine project hoped to bring in 200 Chinese workers, raising concerns that the program was costing Canadians jobs. “We’ve been very clear. Canadians come first for available jobs,” Dr. Leitch said.

Government figures show 192,000 temporary foreign workers entered Canada in 2011. The program is popular in booming Alberta and Saskatchewan, where the governments had expressed concern that program changes could choke off a critical labour supply.

“In Alberta, we have a lot of employers who need TFWs. How do they comply appropriately with the need to ensure they’ve done everything they can to hire a Canadian worker, but have a streamlined process so they can have access to the workers they need on a timely basis?” Alberta Human Services Minister Dave Hancock said, adding provinces need to “constantly” review the TFW program.

Saskatchewan has an acute need for skilled labour and is looking at “everything we can do” to fast-track the application process in cases where Canadian labour isn’t available, said Don Morgan, Saskatchewan’s Minister of Labour Relations and Workplace Safety who hosted the ministers’ meeting. The lack of information remains a concern. “We worry about the workers being taken advantage of. These are the ones that are vulnerable,” he said.

The labour ministers’ meeting was the first for Dr. Leitch, who took over the ministry in July. The ministers discussed workplace mental health, pension reform, workplace safety and the Wage Earner Protection Program, which some want overhauled to close loopholes that short-change workers when their employers declare bankruptcy outside Canadian borders.

“We are all working towards safe, fair and constructive workplaces. Nothing will grow the Canadian economy more than making sure that we are all focused on not just the creation of jobs, but also making sure that everyone who is working in Canada has a safe, fair and productive workplace,” Dr. Leitch said.

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Study: Caregivers in Canada, 2012


In 2012, about 8.1 million individuals, or 28% of Canadians aged 15 years and older, provided care to a family member or friend with a long-term health condition, disability or aging needs.

New data from the 2012 General Social Survey showed that women represented the slight majority of caregivers at 54%. The survey also found that caregiving responsibilities most often fell to those aged 45 to 64, with 44% of caregivers in this age category.

Ailing parents were the most common recipients of care, with 39% of caregivers looking after the needs of their own parents and another 9% doing so for their parents-in-law. The least common were spouses, at 8%, and children, at 5%.

For the first time, the survey looked at the types of health conditions requiring care. Age-related needs topped the list, with 28% of caregivers providing care for these needs. Cancer was next at 11%, followed by cardio-vascular disease at 9%, and mental illness at 7%. Saskatchewan and Manitoba residents report the highest levels of caregiving

The proportion of caregivers varied across provinces, with Saskatchewan and Manitoba having the highest rates of caregiving in 2012 at 34% and 33%, respectively. Also above the national average were Nova Scotia (31%) and Ontario (29%).

In contrast, Quebec had a lower rate than the national average. About 25% of Quebecers reported that they had provided care to an ill, disabled or aging family member or friend in 2012.

Other provinces were not significantly different from the national average.Providing transportation most common form of care

The most common type of help, provided by 73% of all caregivers, was transportation to run errands, shop, or attend medical appointments. The next most frequent types of activities were house cleaning and meal preparation at 51%, followed by house maintenance and outdoor work at 45%.

Some other tasks were provided by a lower proportion of caregivers, but were done more frequently. These tasks (including medical treatments and personal care, such as help with bathing and dressing) were provided by less than 1 in 4 caregivers. However, two-thirds of those who performed these activities did so at least once a week. More time spent caring for ill or disabled children and spouses

Overall, caregivers typically spent 3 hours a week caring for an ill or disabled family member or friend. However, this amount varied depending on the relationship between the caregiver and care receiver.

Caregivers of spouses and children devoted the most time to helping activities. Spousal caregivers typically spent 14 hours a week on some form of care, while caregivers of children (including adult children) spent 10 hours per week.

Caregivers of parents, the largest segment of caregivers, typically spent 4 hours, while caregivers of grandparents and friends spent the fewest number of hours per week, at 2 hours.

Women were more likely than men to spend the longest hours on caregiving activities. In 2012, 17% of women providing care devoted 20 or more hours a week to these tasks, compared with 11% of men.
Over one-quarter of caregivers "sandwiched"

Over one-quarter (28%) of caregivers, or 2.2 million individuals, could be considered "sandwiched" between caregiving and raising children. Most of them were women between the ages 35 and 44, and were helping their parents or parents-in law, while also having at least one child under 18 living at home.
Impacts greatest for caregivers of children and spouses

The survey also examined the psychological, financial and employment consequences of caregiving among those who provided 2 or more hours of care per week. At greatest risk of negative consequences were caregivers of children and spouses, reflecting their greater intensity of care.

About half of caregivers providing care to children (51%) and spouses (46%) reported at least five symptoms of psychological distress, such as depression, feelings of isolation and disturbed sleep. This compares with 30% of those caring for their own parents and 8% caring for a grandparent.

In addition, 34% of those caring for their child and 33% of those caring for their spouse had to consult a medical professional as a result of their responsibilities, compared with 18% of those who took care of their parents. Caregivers of children or spouses were also more likely to sustain an injury while providing care.

Nevertheless, about 9 in 10 caregivers felt that the experience of providing care was rewarding. Moreover, 7 in 10 also expressed that their relationship with their care receiver had strengthened over the course of the previous 12 months.One in five caregivers receive financial support

In 2012, 19% of caregivers received some form of financial support. Help from family and friends was the most common at 12%, followed by government programs at 7% and federal tax credit at 5%.

Those caring for their child and spouse received the most financial support from governments. In 2012, 30% of caregivers of children received government financial assistance, compared with 14% of caregivers of spouses and 5% of caregivers of parents.

Even though they received the most support from governments, 28% of those who cared for a child and 20% of those who cared for a spouse experienced financial difficulties. This compares with 7% among those helping their parents.

In addition, 52% of caregivers of children, 42% of caregivers of spouses and 28% of caregivers of parents said that they would have liked more help than they received, financial or otherwise.
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